Androdioecy is a reproductive system found in species composed of a male population and a distinct hermaphrodite population. Such species are rare.

The conditions required for androdioecy to arise and sustain itself are theoretically so improbable that it was long considered that such systems would never be found. However, androdioecy (and near-androdioecy) has now been documented in both phylogenetically distinct plant and animal species. Hence androdioecy has actually evolved independently several times.

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